Compare French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2002) - Jamaica (2003)

Compare French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2002) z Jamaica (2003)

	French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2002)	Jamaica (2003)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 districts named Ile Crozet, Iles Kerguelen, and Iles Saint-Paul et Amsterdam; excludes "Adelie Land" claim in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US	14 parishes; Clarendon, Hanover, Kingston, Manchester, Portland, Saint Andrew, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine, Saint Elizabeth, Saint James, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas, Trelawny, Westmoreland
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 28.6% (male 395,074; female 376,870) 15-64 years: 64.5% (male 870,486; female 869,431) 65 years and over: 6.8% (male 82,022; female 101,984) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus, potatoes, vegetables; poultry, goats, milk
Airports	none (2001)	35 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 11 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 5 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 24 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 22 (2002)
Area	total: 7,829 sq km land: 7,829 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen; excludes "Adelie Land" claim of about 500,000 sq km in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US	total: 10,991 sq km land: 10,831 sq km water: 160 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly less than 1.3 times the size of Delaware	slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background	The Southern Lands consist of two archipelagos, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen, and two volcanic islands, Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul. They contain no permanent inhabitants and are visited only by researchers studying the native fauna. The Antarctic portion consists of "Adelie Land," a thin slice of the Antarctic continent discovered and claimed by the French in 1840.	Jamaica gained full independence within the British Commonwealth in 1962. Deteriorating economic conditions during the 1970s led to recurrent violence and a dropoff in tourism. Elections in 1980 saw the democratic socialists voted out of office. Subsequent governments have been open market oriented. Political violence marred elections during the 1990s.
Birth rate	-	17.35 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $2.23 billion expenditures: $2.56 billion, including capital expenditures of $232.5 million (FY 99/00 est.)
Capital	-	Kingston
Climate	antarctic	tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior
Coastline	1,232 km	1,022 km
Constitution	-	6 August 1962
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands conventional short form: French Southern and Antarctic Lands local long form: Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises local short form: Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Jamaica
Currency	-	Jamaican dollar (JMD)
Death rate	-	5.42 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	-	$5.3 billion (2002 est.)
Dependency status	overseas territory of France since 1955; administered from Paris by Administrateur Superieur Francois GARDE (since 24 May 2000), assisted by Secretary General Jean-Yves HERMOSO (since NA)	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of France)	chief of mission: Ambassador Sue McCourt COBB embassy: Jamaica Mutual Life Center, 2 Oxford Road, 3rd floor, Kingston 5 mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [1] (876) 929-4850 through 4859 FAX: [1] (876) 935-6001
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of France)	chief of mission: Ambassador Seymour MULLINGS chancery: 1520 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 452-0660 FAX: [1] (202) 452-0081 consulate(s) general: Miami and New York
Disputes - international	"Adelie Land" claim in Antarctica is not recognized by the US	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	NA
Economy - overview	Economic activity is limited to servicing meteorological and geophysical research stations and French and other fishing fleets. The fish catches landed on Iles Kerguelen by foreign ships are exported to France and Reunion.	The economy, which depends heavily on tourism and bauxite, has been stagnant since 1995. After five years of recession, the economy inched ahead, by 0.8% in 2000, 1.7% in 2001, and 0.8% in 2002; the global economic slowdown, particularly in the United States after the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, has stunted the economic recovery. Serious problems include: high interest rates; increased foreign competition; a pressured, sometimes sliding, exchange rate; a widening merchandise trade deficit; and a growing internal debt, the result of government bailouts to various ailing sectors of the economy, particularly the financial sector. Depressed economic conditions have led to increased civil unrest, including serious violent crime. Jamaica's medium-term prospects will depend upon encouraging investment and tourism, maintaining a competitive exchange rate, selling off reacquired firms, and implementing proper fiscal and monetary policies.
Electricity - consumption	-	5.833 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	-	6.272 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 96.8% hydro: 1.8% nuclear: 0% other: 1.5% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Ross on Iles Kerguelen 1,850 m	lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Blue Mountain Peak 2,256 m
Environment - current issues	NA	heavy rates of deforestation; coastal waters polluted by industrial waste, sewage, and oil spills; damage to coral reefs; air pollution in Kingston results from vehicle emissions
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	-	black 90.9%, East Indian 1.3%, white 0.2%, Chinese 0.2%, mixed 7.3%, other 0.1%
Exchange rates	-	Jamaican dollars per US dollar - 48.42 (2002), 46 (2001), 42.7 (2000), 39.04 (1999), 36.55 (1998)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Howard Felix COOKE (since 1 August 1991) head of government: Prime Minister Percival James PATTERSON (since 30 March 1992) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Representatives is appointed prime minister by the governor general; the deputy prime minister is recommended by the prime minister
Exports	-	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	-	alumina, bauxite; sugar, bananas, rum
Exports - partners	-	US 28.1%, Canada 12.2%, Norway 10.7%, UK 10.5%, Germany 7%, Netherlands 5.6% (2002)
Fiscal year	-	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	the flag of France is used	diagonal yellow cross divides the flag into four triangles - green (top and bottom) and black (hoist side and outer side)
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $10.08 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 6% industry: 31% services: 63% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $3,800 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	1% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	43 00 S, 67 00 E	18 15 N, 77 30 W
Geography - note	islands component is widely scattered across remote locations in the southern Indian Ocean	strategic location between Cayman Trench and Jamaica Channel, the main sea lanes for the Panama Canal
Highways	-	total: 18,700 km paved: 13,109 km unpaved: 5,591 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: 2.7% highest 10%: 30.3% (2000)
Illicit drugs	-	major transshipment point for cocaine from South America to North America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis; government has an active manual cannabis eradication program; corruption is a major concern; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Jamaica for illicit financial transactions
Imports	-	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	-	machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, fuel, food, chemicals, fertilizers
Imports - partners	-	US 45%, Trinidad and Tobago 11%, Japan 4.7% (2002)
Independence	-	6 August 1962 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	-	-2% (2000 est.)
Industries	-	tourism, bauxite, textiles, food processing, light manufactures, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemical products
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 13.26 deaths/1,000 live births male: 14.3 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	7% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	-	ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	21 (2000)
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1998 est.)	250 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court (judges appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister); Court of Appeal
Labor force	-	1.13 million (1998)
Labor force - by occupation	-	services 60%, agriculture 21%, industry 19% (1998)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)	arable land: 16.07% permanent crops: 9.23% other: 74.7% (1998 est.)
Languages	-	English, patois English
Legal system	the laws of France, where applicable, apply	based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	-	bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (a 21-member body appointed by the governor general on the recommendations of the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; ruling party is allocated 13 seats, and the opposition is allocated eight seats) and the House of Representatives (60 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 16 October 2002 (next to be held NA October 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - PNP 52%, JLP 47.3%; seats by party - PNP 34, JLP 26
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 75.85 years male: 73.84 years female: 77.97 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 87.9% male: 84.1% female: 91.6% (2003 est.)
Location	south of Africa, islands in the southern Indian Ocean, about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia; note - French Southern and Antarctic Lands include Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet, and Iles Kerguelen in the southern Indian Ocean, along with the French-claimed sector of Antarctica, "Adelie Land"; the US does not recognize the French claim to "Adelie Land"	Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba
Map references	Antarctic Region	Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM from Iles Kerguelen only territorial sea: 12 NM	measured from claimed archipelagic baselines contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: 200 NM or to edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 71 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,815,472 GRT/4,806,161 DWT ships by type: bulk 5, cargo 5, chemical tanker 13, container 11, liquefied gas 7, petroleum tanker 19, roll on/roll off 11 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 2, France 62, Japan 3, Monaco 1, Norway 5, Sweden 1 (2002 est.)	total: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 50,536 GRT/62,868 DWT ships by type: bulk 1, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 2, short-sea passenger 1 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Latvia 2, US 2 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France	-
Military branches	-	Jamaica Defense Force (including Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Wing), Jamaica Constabulary Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$30 million (FY95/96 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	NA%
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 755,698 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 528,689 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	18 years of age (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 27,398 (2003 est.)
National holiday	-	Independence Day, first Monday in August (1962)
Nationality	-	noun: Jamaican(s) adjective: Jamaican
Natural hazards	Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes	hurricanes (especially July to November)
Natural resources	fish, crayfish	bauxite, gypsum, limestone
Net migration rate	-	-5.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines	-	petroleum products 10 km
Political parties and leaders	-	Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Edward SEAGA]; National Democratic Movement or NDM [Bruce GOLDING]; People's National Party or PNP [Percival James PATTERSON]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	New Beginnings Movement or NBM; Rastafarians (black religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists)
Population	no indigenous inhabitants (July 2002 est.) note: in 2002, there were 145 researchers whose numbers vary from winter (July) to summer (January)	2,695,867 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	34.2% (1992 est.)
Population growth rate	-	0.61% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only	Alligator Pond, Discovery Bay, Kingston, Montego Bay, Ocho Rios, Port Antonio, Rocky Point, Port Esquivel (Longswharf)
Radio broadcast stations	-	AM 10, FM 13, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways	-	total: 272 km standard gauge: 272 km 1.435-m gauge; note - 207 km, belonging to the Jamaica Railway Corporation, were in common carrier service but are no longer operational; the remaining track is privately owned and used to transport bauxite (2002)
Religions	-	Protestant 61.3% (Church of God 21.2%, Baptist 8.8%, Anglican 5.5%, Seventh-Day Adventist 9%, Pentecostal 7.6%, Methodist 2.7%, United Church 2.7%, Brethren 1.1%, Jehovah's Witness 1.6%, Moravian 1.1%), Roman Catholic 4%, other, including some spiritual cults 34.7%
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	-	general assessment: fully automatic domestic telephone network domestic: NA international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); 3 coaxial submarine cables
Telephones - main lines in use	-	353,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	54,640 (1996)
Television broadcast stations	-	7 (1997)
Terrain	volcanic	mostly mountains, with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain
Total fertility rate	-	2.01 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	15.4% (2002 est.)
Waterways	none	none

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